The process of printing them must have been copied from ancient Chinese specimens, brought from that country by some early travelers, whose names have not been handed down to our times. The earliest woodblocks used for printing in Europe, in the fourteenth century, using exactly the same technique as Chinese woodblocks, led some such as Robert Curzon (1810–1873) to hypothesize a connection: The first complete printed book was the Chinese Diamond Sutra of 868 C.E. The oldest known printed calendars in the world also came from Tang China, printed in 877 and 882. Photo courtesy Museum fur Volkerkunde (Berlin), Wikimedia Commons Woodblock PrintingĬhinese playing card dated c. Modular movable metal type began in thirteenth-century China, and was developed again in mid-fifteenth century Europe with the development of specialized techniques for casting and combining cheap copies of letterpunches in the vast quantities required to print multiple copies of texts. Typography with movable type was invented in eleventh-century China. The Chinese invention of paper and woodblock printing produced the world’s first print culture. The item dates between 1850 B.C.E. and 1600 B.C.E., back to Minoan age and is now on display at the archaeological museum of Herakleion in Crete, Greece. The first known movable type printing artifact is probably the Phaistos Disc, although its real purpose remains disputed. Some historians view the parallel development of techniques in China as separate from that in mid-fifteenth century Europe, while others view them as connected. The basic elements of typography are at least as old as civilization and the earliest writing systems-a series of key developments that were eventually drawn together as a systematic craft. Typography has a very long history, its origins tracing back to the first punches and dies used to make seals and currency in ancient times. Other typestyles have more specialized purposes, such as Italics, which is frequently used to highlight, or offset, specific information. Some typefaces, such as Times New Roman, have proven both more legible and convey more information through a certain density of style than others. Effective typography establishes a proper visual hierarchy rendering the content more accessible to the reader.”Typography Exists to Honor Content.” Įach typeface, or style of print, has a unique tone that is seeks to establish harmony between the verbal and visual content of the work. When readers scan a typographic work, they are aware on some level of both effects-the overall graphic patterns of the page that capture the eye, and the language to be read. Typography, therefore, has two tasks: It communicates both a verbal and visual message. It seeks to harmonize the functional and aesthetic aspects of the written alphabet. Typography seeks to balance the relationship of letterforms on a page, in order to aid the reader in understanding the form and substance. Typography from the French typographie, which derives from the Greek words τύπος typos = “dent, impression, mark, figure” and γραφία graphia = writing. Just as the invention of the printing press by Gutenberg revolutionized the world by making written material, particularly the Bible, available to the general public, so the opening of typography through digitization made the publication of material available to all and ushered in the Information Age. Digitization opened up typography to new generations of visual designers and lay users. From its inception with the invention of printing using woodblocks and then movable type, until the Digital Age, typography was a specialized occupation. If you dont know what the blackletter fonts are or how to use them you can check out this library of blackletter fonts on Creative Fabrica to find inspiration. Typography is performed by a variety of professionals including typesetters, compositors, typographers, graphic artists, art directors, and comic-book artists, many of whom use blackletter fonts that are an old school typeface used to evoke the past. Thus, typography brings harmony between the functional and aesthetic aspects of the written alphabet. The goal of good typography is to balance the relationship of letterforms on a page, in order to aid the reader in understanding the message being conveyed. In traditional typography, text is composed to create a readable, coherent, and visually satisfying whole that does not distract from the content. Typography is the art and technique of arranging type, type design, and modifying type glyphs (symbolic figures). Typography seeks to balance the relationship of letterforms on a page to aid the reader in understanding the form and substance. A specimen of Roman typefaces by William Caslon.
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